The Night - Original Writing - 1900 Words

The huge white doors opened and man came out of the hallway. A stern silent type with a nameless suit blood leather shoes. His dead eyes scanned the thin nervous looking man in a seat closest to the door. There were visible scars signs and healing cuts on his exposed skin and he must have been trying to reorganize the hair on his head. Me?He man hunched un-confidently pointing to himself. Dead eyes said nothing, for they were the only two in the room. A quick embarrassing scan of the large empty room and he nodded smiling softly at his own unawareness. Dead eyes didn t smile back but stepped out of the way holding the door open. Right. The thin Man pushed himself up taking a deep breath that he surely needed more of. He was lead in†¦show more content†¦Well he doesn t discriminate. That s a good sign right? The man turned to open the door for me. It was then I noticed his tattoo. An evil looking tribal pattern of a lost culture wrapped around his solid neck up to his lower e yelid. I stepped back a bit. His eye silver serious and pale scans me crosses mine before he . makes movement to open the guarded door. It is solid dark iron door that is carved in the same patterns as the ones on his face and neck. As it swung open one form of a woman bending in with the lines and curves caught my eye. It was like seeing the image of a God. It was like I was entering a new church. The man pushed it open with both hands and a white light blinded me. Inside I wasn t even sure what I expected. The boss is such a mysterious term that could be anything horrifying that I could cook up. The space was huge. At the end of room was a woman pale white hair waved down to one side like sea currents. The skin head of a white tiger frozen in a state of rage and fear with the claws dug into the floor. She was writing at her sold white marble desk that towered over a small stiff office chair. Sorry I m late, ma am. I smiled. It hurt my eye was swelled and emotions physically hurt at this point. You look like shit. She said. You should see the other guy. I chuckled a bit. Her eyes narrowed at me like daggers. Why would I wanna see two pieces of shit? Right...IShow MoreRelatedNight Nights - Original Writing845 Words   |  4 Pagesuntil night time. We all would camp out in the living, our parents would tuck us in and then it was off to bed. Sleeping peacefully until one of my cousins woke us all up screaming while she was sleeping. Night after night we had to deal with this. The following year I as well as all of my cousins anticipated the same thing. Peacefully sleeping only to be awaken in the middle of the night by shears of horror. But to all of our surprise my cousin sleep peacefully all the way through the night everyRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1183 Words   |  5 Pagesfell to the floor convulsing in pain. She was turning and realised that no one could save her. She took her last breath realising she was going to become like him. A vampire. Experiencing the final stages of her turning her back arched. That was the night of her transformation. Read MoreThe Night - Original Writing792 Words   |  4 Pagesenlightning. My parents died. I was six years old. They died, because of me. We got in a reasonable argument about Clifford the Big Red Dog, of all things. I stormed out of the house at 8:00 pm. I remember how glistening the stars were that night, how the colors of purple and dark blue collided in the sky and how the moon was full and shined with what seemed like a never-ending light. I just kept running, laughing like the obnoxious six year I was. They ran after me calling my name, I justRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1528 Words   |  7 PagesAfter a long restless night, Allie had a servant draw a hot bath for her just after daybreak. She stepped in, sat down, and then let her entire body slip beneath the water. She held her nose as she wet her copper locks and soaped her head. She intended to bring the shine back- she did not like the dull creature that stared back at her from the mirror the night before. The hot water was soothing; it felt good on her tired body. After washing, s he lay there and let the warm water soak the tirednessRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1580 Words   |  7 PagesEverything was beautiful that night. The sky was as clear as the spring water. The weather was so beautiful that we thought that we were not in the summer. I was sitting outside the house in our garden with my parents. We were having a nice chat after a delicious homemade crispy chicken with fries that my mom usually do. Everything was just perfect until my father received the unexpected call. The call that I wished my father didn’t receive. â€Å"Hello†¦what! What are you saying! Calm down I’m comingRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing906 Words   |  4 PagesEvelyn peeked down the hall from her bedroom making sure the light to her parents’ room was off, indicating that they had gone to sleep. When she saw the darkened hallway she knew that her parents had gone down for the night. Her younger sisters, ages 10 and 8, had been put to sleep a couple hours before. There was no one watching. Evelyn tiptoed down the stairs—thank God they were carpeted, which helped shield the noise of her steps—and she grabbed her mom’s car keys carefully exiting the houseRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1004 Words   |  5 PagesThe crowd filled out of the arena, the buzz and excitement leaving with them. Dark walls echoed the heavy sounds of the metal equipment as it was scraped across the floor by the road crew. In the absence of the band, the crowd and the music, the atmosphere seemed as ble ak and empty as the crowd floor itself. Suddenly, echoes of past joyous screams were replaced by a single, blood curdling scream coming from the direction of the cloakroom. The sound, filled with fear, tore through the arena and bouncedRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1332 Words   |  6 Pages Waking up to the smell of strawberry jam and toast coming from the kitchen, Dan looks over at his clock to see that it is 7:30. Forcing himself up, he throws on a set of clothes and tiptoed down the stairs to be sure not to wake up Lisa. When he got to the bottom of the stairs, Dan sees both his parents, father at the kitchen table drinking coffee and reading the newspaper, and mother at the counter spreading the jam on the mountain of toast beside her. The quiet morning is comfortable and pleasantRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing723 Words   |  3 PagesDuring the summer you can find the same scene on any Saturday night. I see an elderly man near the entrance setting behind a table covered with stacks of booklets. I can tell he is employed by the park by the dark green polo shirt and tan ball cap he is wearing. Even from a distance I can hear him shout, â€Å"Programs! Get your programs. Three dollars!† As a middle aged man wearing a dark t-shirt and baggy blue jeans wal ks through the door. It becomes obvious that he is experienced with the process.Read MoreThe Night - Original Writing859 Words   |  4 Pagesfriends ran out to see what all the laughing was about. They watched the video and began cracking up too. After, we all went back inside due to the amount of bugs outside. We spent the rest of the night talking and laughing until we all fell asleep at around two in the morning. This was the last night we all spent together before heading off to college. Even though it was in the middle of the summer, life took over and we were all busy on different days. The one way that we were able to keep in contact

The Impact of Divorce on Young Children and Adolescents Essay

For the past decades, divorce has been increasing dramatically throughout the United States; it is a common issue in this society. Approximately one million children experience divorce or parental separation every year(Shinoda, Kevin Seiji, 2001, La Mirada, pg. 9). According the 2000 census data, about 28% of divorce or separated parents, have at least one children who is under age of 6(Kim Leon Jul., 2003 pg. 258). Also, slightly more than half of all divorced children are under the age of 18, and about 40% of all children will experience divorce or parental separation before reaching adulthood(Shinoda, Kevin Seiji, 2001, La Mirada, pg. 9). Divorces strongly affect the development of children, and most of time, problems†¦show more content†¦Indeed, divorce does have strong impacts on how the children develop. Especially, when right after divorce, the parents remarry into a another family, which create overlapping roles for parents, and challenging adjustment for the ado lescence and children as well(Alice M. Hines May, 1997 pg. 375). These new environment can, in fact, Parent-Child Relationship 2 worsen the parent-child relationships, and brings less affection from children to parents. It is true that divorce would have many negative effects on the development of the children; however, a healthy parenting style can alter the problematic consequences of divorce. Many theories have been advanced to explain the connection between parental divorce and negative outcomes for the children(Shansky, Janet, 2002, Michigan, online copyright, no page). As soon as the divorce occurs the relationship between parents and child starts to deteriorate. Studies shows that the adult children of divorced parents feel less affection for their parents, have less contact with them, and engaged in a fewer inter-generational changes of assistance than do other adults(Paul R. Amato and Alan Booth May, 1996 pg. 356). As far e custody issues go, most of the time, mothers keep the custody of their children. Therefore, it is especially difficult for the sons who live wit h mothers because they often feel less supported from their fathers after divorce. While father engagesShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Divorce On Adolescent Development Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesof marriage by court called divorce. According to Pickhard (2009) many statistics suggest around 50% of first marriages divorce. Divorce can have tremendous impacting effects on those experiencing it. Not only does divorce effect parents, but it furthermore impacts adolescents as well. Adolescents may sometimes have a hard time dealing with the separation of their parents as they are going through crucial life changes as well. It is a key concern of the influence divorce has on adolescent’s developmentRead MoreFamilial Support For Children During The Stressful Period Of Divorce Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesFamilial support for children. In many cases, parents or other family members are not able to be as supportive to their children during the stressful period surrounding divorce. One study by Amato (1993) noted that divorce is one of the life’s most stressful occurrences, and adults experience significant difficulty in their life adjustment after the divorce, which may impact their interactions with their children. Parents are less emotionally available during this time (Riggio Valenzuela, 2011)Read MoreEssay about Depression and Anxiety in Persons with Divorced Parents1184 Words   |  5 PagesDivorced Parents In the recent years, divorce rates have been continually trending upwards (Reiter, Hjorleifsson, Breidablik, Meland, 2013). It is factual that children who have parents that have divorced typically face more obstacles in numerous aspects of life than children who have married parents. Children that experience divorce have up to a 300% increase in probability to be impacted by issues in mental wellbeing than their peers without an incident of divorce in their parental structure (ShifflettRead MoreDivorce Has A Huge Impact On My Life1668 Words   |  7 Pagesto a divorce. Since I was extremely young, I cannot remember how it affected me. But once I got into grade school, I was in great knowledge that something was different. I then started to understand the affects my parents’ divorce had on me such as anger, resentment, feeling of loneliness, and prob-lems with communication. Now that I am a young adult, I still feel like I am being affected by those same problems except n ow I am able to control myself when I start to feel the symptoms. Divorce has hadRead MoreDivorce And Its Effect On Children998 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce has become very popular in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, on average 50% of marriages result in a failed marriage. This percentage has been at it’s all time high. Not many couples have sustained a successful marriage in present days. Divorces have been around for a long time, and unfortunately kids have always been affected the most according to their age. As a result of divorce, there are many children that have to go through this situation at a very young ageRead MoreDoes Divorce Cause Low Self Esteem in Children?1554 Words   |  7 PagesDoes Divorce Cause Low Self-Esteem in Children? According to statistics, half of all American children will witness the divorce (Finley amp; Schwartz, 2007). Of all children born to married parents this year, 50% will experience the divorce of their parents before they reach their 18th birthday. The parents’ divorce marks a turning point in a child’s life. Parents usually divorce when they feel they can no longer live together because of fighting and anger or their love for each other has changedRead MoreEssay on Effects of Divorce on a Child1464 Words   |  6 PagesDivorce is a very common word in todays society. According to the American Heritage Dictionary, divorce is the legal dissolution of a marriage or a complete or radical severance of closely connected things(Pickett, 2000). This dissolution of marriage has increased very rapidly in the past fifty years. In 1950 the ratio of divorce to marriage was one in every four; in 1977 that statistic became one in two. Currently one in every two first marriages r esults in divorce. In second marriages thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Child Development1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Divorce on Child Development I met the love of my life in my financial accounting class. He was charming, and intelligent, and he carried himself well. Early into our relationship I realized underneath this assuring exterior, was a broken, unstable man. He had issues with trust, and he always took many health risks. He explained to me how hard it was for him to attach himself to people because he figured they would leave anyways. Nothing is forever. he seemed to believe. On topRead MoreEffect Of Divorce On Children Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagesbefore the divorce, impact the now divided family. Children in particular are vulnerable to the effects of divorce. Sol R. Rappaport, clinical and forensic psychologist, claims there are five factors as to why children have difficulties post divorce; exposure to parental conflicts, mental health of parents, the involvement of the now secondary parent, financial impact of the divorce, and the child’s perception on why the divorce occurred. With their brains not fully developed, children are unableRead MoreWhat Is Reciprocal Socialization Means And Give 1-2 Examples That May Demonstrate It1385 Words   |  6 Pages Describe what reciprocal socialization means and give 1-2 examples that might demonstrate it. Reciprocal socialization is the process by which children and adolescents socialize parents, just as parents socialize them (pg. 260). One example the book given is if the parent is hostile, hostile parenting is associated with negative outcomes for adolescents such as being defiant. I think another example is a client that was mentioned in class she felt as if her existence was the cause of someone’s misery

Marketing Strategy Plans and Goals

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategy Plans and Goals. Answer: Introduction Marketing strategy is all the plans and goals put together by an organization to create a demand in the market for its product. This strategy consists of analyzing various factors and understanding them to achieve the desired result which is success of product in the market (Beckwith, 1997). In this case study, Planters Nuts case has been presented, where their marketing strategies undertaken have been analyzed and positioning and targeting techniques have been suggested. Apply the 5Cs framework to diagnose the problem as to why Planters Nuts performance has been struggling. 5Cs framework It is analysis of five key areas for the marketing decision undertaken by a company (Chernev, 2014). Planters Nuts alignment with the framework Customer- determining the needs of the customers that have to be satisfied by doing extensive market research based in that segment , purchase pattern, quantity and frequency. Planters Nuts identified their target market, males in the age group of 35-65 years, aspiring for a healthy lifestyle. They analysed that the customers need healthy, low in fat and inexpensive snack (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). The nut sales were affected when the customers shifted to better in taste and healthy almonds and pistachios, which were also marginally expensive than nuts. Planters Nuts did not focus on adopting more than one target. Company- After analysing the needs of the customer it becomes essential for the company to realise their potential to meet those demands. Strength, weakness, opportunities and threat should be analysed to improvise (Siebert, 2014). There was an opportunity for the company to succeed in the nuts as well as almonds and pistachios market. Strength of the brand name, Mr. Peanut that has already built in the market company should have capitalized on it and then should have focused on both the targets. The weakness of the company was that as they focused on the new target, the sales of their prominent product declined (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). Competition It is essential to identify your competition in the market. Analysis of the competitors product and their strengths and weakness will help in bring necessary changes in the marketing strategies and product development (The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, 2007). Planters Nuts focus was not only in one category of the segment, and they were competing with Blue Diamond Almonds and Wonderful Pistachios who were only focusing in one category and spent heavily on their promotions. Planters Nuts wanted to improve their margins, and could not spend heavily on promoting each product in the same segment. The sale of nuts category declined faster than the sale of almonds and pistachios increased because customers shifted to Blue Diamond Almonds and Wonderful Almonds because of more consumer awareness built by them. Collaborators The end result is to make product easily available to the customers. This could be done by teaming up with partners who help make this job easier. Planters Nuts collaborated with large retail grocers and mass merchants but they were also disappointed with the unsatisfactory sales revenue, this was largely because of less branding activities undertaken by the company. Gradually the retailers started focusing on their store brands. Context-Any limitations in the development due to political, economical, social or technological should be thoroughly analysed. Peanut was a legume and rotational crop, whereas almonds and pistachios were not rotational crops. This should have given added advantage to Planters Nuts since they were dealing in both. The company did not use this to the advantage. Provide an analysis of consumer behavior in the snack nut category Consumer behavior It is to understand the needs and wants of a consumer. Consumer behaviour includes the buying tendency, purchase pattern, buying factors, trends, taste and preference. It becomes essential for a company to understand consumer behaviour to deliver the required product in the market at the right time. An organization has to study consumer behaviour in order for it product to generate expected return. They have to identify the buying factors in order to satisfy the needs of the consumer (Wright, 2006). Analysis of consumer behavior in the snack nut industry In the year 2005, Peanuts dominated the snack nut industry. 50% of the U.S. households bought peanuts and 30% was the market share of all nut suppliers. This was followed by cashew at 33% household penetration and 21% market share. Household penetration for almonds and pistachios were 11% and 12 %, and market share were 8% and 7% respectively. In the year 2012, household penetration for peanuts was 43%, cashew at 24%, almonds and pistachios at 23% and 24% each. Total market share for all nut suppliers fell for peanuts to 19%, cashew to 13% but rose for almonds and pistachios to 16% and 15% each. Consumers perception is to eat healthy, low-fat snack which is inexpensive and better than other snacks. Peanuts excel in the category of being inexpensive but when it is about healthy, low fat and better than other snack, almonds and pistachios have an edge. Most consumers feel that nuts are outdated and basic and they are not as upscale as cashew and pistachios. There has been a shift in consumer preference from peanuts to pistachios and almonds because consumers are willing to spend slightly more on the snacks which healthier and tasteful. On the other hand some have the tendency to go generic and buy simply the cheaper product available. The buying behaviour of most consumers is to look for easy aisle shopping experience. The purchase intent of consumer is also based on believability. Consumer gets influenced by the marketing strategies adopted to promote a product. If they believe in the claims made by the company, and the promotional campaign is attractive, the product will relatively be sold better and faster. Consumption of nuts is relatively more in the higher age group of 65+, age group of 45-64 has moderate consumption rate, amongst 25-44 it is average but it is below average in the age group of 18-24. Nuts are losing their market to almonds, pistachios and cashew because they are more delightful for the customers, and they also believe that they are a healthier choice (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). Evaluate the marketing research undertaken by the Kraft Foods Group in respect to Planters Nuts Marketing Research- In order to understand the consumer behavior an organization put its resources to use and undertakes activities and develops strategies to identify key factors that sell its product in the market. Marketing research is an activity conducted to understand the market so that the resources of the organization are not wasted in creating a product which has no demand. In the first stage strategies are developed to know the consumer behavior, check the awareness about the brand in the market, and its positioning and then the factors that impact the buying decisions. In the second stage strategies are developed to increase customer interaction, raise brand equity in the market and also tools are developed that will help in increasing the market share of the product. Collaborates and channels are also important in marketing research because they are the link with the customers, their analysis is also an integral part of this research (Kolb, 2008). Kraft Foods Group designed a positioning statement for planters. The first step was to identify target customers, their buying behavior and frequency. Next were brand benefits and brand personality and what made Planters different from its competitors. The major change was adopted in marketing when the group decided to release a 30 second video featuring voice of a renowned actor. This was the first time when Mr. Peanut, a well known character to the Americans had voice. This made its way from natural to a more direct appeal in the minds of the target audience. Next advancement was to associate NUTrition line with Mens Health magazine. This created a more prominent impact in the minds of the target customers (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). The state of the business was researched which included, Perception of the Consumer and (b) Nut Type Nutrient Content. Consumers tend to buy healthy, low-in fat, better than other snack but it should be inexpensive. They believed that peanut only fell in the latter category, whereas almonds and pistachios fall in all former categories but are expensive as compared to peanuts. Next was analysis of nutrient content in almonds, pistachios, cashews and peanuts, which stated that they are healthy and have all the nutritional properties. Brand Awareness To check the market awareness about Planters against its competitors amongst the consumers data were collect and analyzed. The results showed that Planters were the most popular brand in the segment. It was the first brand that came into the minds of the consumer when they thought of nuts and familiarity with the brand. Brand Equity Study was conducted to understand the market strength of the Planters Brand. It scored exceptionally well in terms of factors like Popularity, Quality, Relevance and Uniqueness. On the fifth factor of familiarity it scored well. The analysis was concluded that Planters was a well known brand in the market and had the capacity to pull back its lost customers if the strategies are rightly adopted. Qualitative research In depth interviews and focus groups were surveyed where sentimental connection and all the aspects of purchasing the brand were concerned. Nut consumption demographic and (f) believability and its impact were understood and its affect on the buying behavior and pattern were analyzed. Even after directly appealing the customers and being a well-known brand in the segment, sales revenue of Planters could not be revived. The product was not able to capture a larger part of market share after spending almost equivalent to its competitors on promotional strategies. One of the major reasons for the same could be that consumers have irrational buying behavior and even after the thorough study the company fails to understand the buying trends. Evaluate Planters Nuts current segmentation, targeting and positioning. Justify the brand positioning that you would recommend for Planters Nuts going forward. Market Segmentation- After analyzing the needs and demands of the customer, selecting the customer who would want the product and segregating them from the rest is called segmentation. Strategies are planned according to the customers that fall in the segment that the company wants to cater. Market is segmented on several bases, on variables like age, gender, income, family size, race, religion, nationality then it is called as demographic segmentation. Behavioral segmentation is when behavior, usage and buying pattern are considered. When it is based on the boundaries and geography it is termed as geographic segmentation. When lifestyle, activities, and interest determine the purchase decision then it is referred to as psychographic segmentation (Larsen, 2010). Planters Nuts current market segmentation could be termed as psychographic and demographic, because they have segmented the customers who are males in the age group of 35-65 and aspire for a healthy lifestyle. Targeting and positioning- selecting the target customers of the segment is called targeting. Making the targeted customers own the brand that company produces is called positioning. The brand should leave an impact in the minds of the consumer; it should have a sustainable portion in the minds of the consumer. The loyalty of the customer with the brand is because of the positioning strategies undertaken to place the product in the minds of the consumer, which compels them to repeatedly buy the particular brand (Tanner and Raymond, 2012). Planters Nuts targeting and positioning strategy was to create Mr Peanut, a character that tells that the nut is a healthy choice of snack. They positioned themselves as the healthiest snack available for males in the age group of 35-65, who aspire for a healthy lifestyle and which was also inexpensive. They believed in owning one segment of the market and the results of the research showed that people related nuts with Planters. Brand positioning is strengthening the brand name in the minds of the consumer (Ries and Trout, 2008). A strategy that Planters has already followed is to identify their market strength and direct competition. They understood the ways Blue Diamonds Almonds and Wonderful Pistachios positioned themselves in the market. Their strategy to position by creating Mr. Peanuts has worked over a long period of time, but due to change in consumer perception and behavior, they should reposition Planters Nuts as a brand which people could still relate to. Each generation has a different perspective and to dominate the market in the targeted segment Planters should broaden their scope. Focusing only on one segment would mean that the competitors who have focused production would continue to rise and Planters would face problems in the segments they cater to. Customer changes its buying behavior and to sustain in the market and capture a large part of it Planter should modernize their approach, instead of competing for the shelf space at brand stores, planters should consider changing the packaging and term it as Now a Quicker Snack which is available at gas stations, vending machines, gyms. Also connecting with the target audience through their emotional sides would also play a major role, portraying Mr. Peanuts son, Peanut Jr. who has been a fat kid but due to right choice of snack he was able to control his weight. These positioning strategies would help Planters Nuts going forward and retain their brand name and capture the larger part of market share. References Beckwith, H.(1997). Selling the Invisible: A Field Guide to Modern Marketing [Online]. UK: Orion Business. Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wsq_4FFbwqkCdq=selling+the+invisible+pdfhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwidycaF__zOAhULQ48KHel_A6QQ6AEIIDAA. [Accessed 06 Sep. 2016]. Chernev, A. (2014). The Marketing Plan Handbook. Fourth. (Online). US: Cerebellum press. Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lNkxCgAAQBAJpg=PT99dq=5c+marketing+analysishl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjX0ZC09ffOAhWBQI8KHYdtCNAQ6AEIJDAA#v=onepageq=5c%20marketing%20analysisf=false [Accessed 06 Sep. 2016]. Dolan, R.J., and Ngwe, D. (2016). Planters Nuts. Harvard Business School [Online] Available from: file:///C:/Users/Abasus%20Solutions/Downloads/942007_202428731_planetsnut%20(2).pdf [Accessed 07 Sep. 2016]. Kolb, B. (2008). Marketing Research A Practical Approach. First. (Online), UK. SAGE Publications Ltd, Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ht9YCOAF2QICprintsec=frontcoverdq=marketing+researchhl=ensa=Xsqi=2ved=0ahUKEwj2vbzbu_zOAhWMsY8KHa86BJYQ6AEIJjAC#v=onepageq=marketing%20researchf=false [Accessed 07 Sep. 2016]. Larsen, N. (2010). Market Segmentation - A framework for determining the right target customers. Denmark, pp.7-10. Available at: https://pure.au.dk/portal/files/11462/BA.pdf [Accessed 07 Sep. 2016]. Ries, A. and Trout, J. (2008). Positioning: The Battle For Your Mind [Online].US : Tata McGraw-Hill. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Mc0aJu3Y20cCprintsec=frontcoverdq=brand+positioninghl=ensa=Xsqi=2ved=0ahUKEwj2yZbp9_zOAhVIPI8KHTocBFMQ6AEIOzAE#v=onepageq=brand%20positioningf=false [Accessed 07 Sep. 2016]. Siebert, S. (2014). Cause Related Marketing: A Substitute for Direct Donations? [Online]. US: Anchor Academic Publishing, pp.20. Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MKRPAwAAQBAJpg=PA20dq=5c%27s+of+marketinghl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwir6r-c8_zOAhUMLY8KHZU2ALMQ6AEIODAE#v=onepageq=5c's%20of%20marketingf=false [Accessed 07 Sep. 2016]. Tanner, J., and Raymond, M. (2012). Principles of Marketing. 2nd ed. (Online). US:Flat World Knowledge, Inc. pp.105-110. Available at https://www.oxfordfajar.com.my/files/HE/sample_pages/201307031923242420_ORS-PRINCIPLES-OF-MARKETING-2E-2012.pdf [Accessed 07 Sep. 2016]. The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (2007) Strategic Analysis Tools. UK: CIMA. Available at: https://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/cid_tg_strategic_analysis_tools_nov07.pdf.pdf [Accessed 07 Sep. 2016]. Wright, R. (2006). Consumer Behaviour. First. (Online), UK : Thomas learning, pp7. Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=R329I_4nQOgCprintsec=frontcoverdq=consumer+behaviour+bookhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjj3YahtfzOAhWHrY8KHRrLAdgQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepageq=consumer%20behaviour%20bookf=false [Accessed 07 Sep. 2016].

Nicomachean Ethics Essays - Social Philosophy, Virtue Ethics

Nicomachean Ethics Philosophy 11/15/99 Achieving excellence in terms of Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics Before actually focusing on the main details of Aristotle's Argument, we must pay careful attention to the opening remarks he makes in Book I about the nature of his inquiry. The first important point that he stresses is that the study of the character of human beings is dependent on what a human being is. Aristotle states that that a human is not a man that lives in isolation, but a man that also lives with parents, children, wife, and friends and fellow citizens generally, since man is by nature a social and political being. Humans, in other words, derive their identity and accordingly their moral purposes from their participation in their community, from the interaction with their parents, ancestors, friends, customs, institutions and laws. Because of this, every ethical uncertainty or question must be resolved by taking into account the essential and political basis of human life. If one is to discuss what it is that makes a man good, we have to really be considering which decisi ons will actually benefit or make the society good. Aristotle sees that individual as being a part as a part of a large and complex group of people with member of all sorts of capabilities. The purpose of each individuals life is evaluated in relation to the other members of the community. Although different communities live by different rules and strive for different goods, is possible to reach an understanding of what moral excellence is in any community by studying what it is that constitutes effective community membership. Another important observation made by Aristotle is the fact that to study human ethics, we must focus on the world around us. We must focus on the traditions of our community, the accepted theories of earlier philosophers, especially those most famous for their wisdom. These theories we must study, not so as to find inconsistencies in them, but to try to discover what it is they have in common and how they can affect our understanding of what the best way to live is. Aristotle also underlines the fact that everything we learn from the observations we make will be nothing more than an approximate approach for dealing with ethical questions. Ethics is not an exact science. One last introductory point is that this approach is intended only for those who already have some sense of virtue instilled in them. To understand some of the principals of moral conduct requires some existing sense of virtue. Aristotle then proceeds to explain that all human activities have a specific goal or end to them. Although not much proof is given to back this up, it is essential to his argument because it infers that the nature of goodness is linked to some final destination. The excellence of humans is linked to their growth towards to some realization of his best nature. Once he has established the notion that all human activities are directed by some final goal, Aristotle proceeds to define the final goal in human life should be. He searches for the most important activity that we pursue for its own sake, something above all other goods. This final goal is happiness. He gives a sense that happiness is derived from success. A full happy life will include success no only and necessarily for oneself, but for all of one's family as well. We do not achieve happiness by actively seeking it, but rather by following the pursuit of all the other goods. Aristotle then proceeds to explain that every object, living or dead has a specific function for which it is designed. The excellence of a person will be derived by how well he fulfills his function. Sine a human being is designed above all to be a social and political being, then excellence in humans should be measured by how well they can carry out their political or social roles. By putting together all of the above notions, Aristotle offers his listeners a fundamental moral principal. A good man is one whose life, which should consist of trying to achieve set goals, is in conformity with excellence or virtue. It is understandable that there is a difference between being successful

The Wuthering Heights Review

The 'Wuthering Heights' Review When Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights was first published in 1847, under the name of Ellis Bell, it received mixed reviews. Although some critics saw the potential evident in the cyclical plot and other literary devices, many others were shocked and dismayed by the unashamedly dark storyline. Different for the Era To be sure, Wuthering Heights was a very different book than what was generally considered acceptable during that era. In direct contrast to Emily Brontes novel, Susannah Rowsons Charlotte Temple (1828) tells the story of a young lady who permits her beau to steal her away in the middle of the night. Predictably, he impregnates her and then abandons her, after which she dies of a broken heart. As was common in novels of the era, Charlotte Temple used a fictional story to instruct its readers―primarily young ladies―in what was expected of them. Flawed Characters In Wuthering Heights, one of the main female characters dies of what could also be considered a broken heart, but the effect is a very different one from that of Charlotte Temple. Instead of presenting an overly sentimental worst-case scenario meant to frighten its readers onto the straight-and-narrow, Wuthering Heights seduces its readers with its dark passion and misguided characters. Both Heathcliff and Catherine are flawed characters, but their flaws intrigue the reader just as surely as they repel. If there is any lesson to be learned after Catherines death, it is the folly of denying your hearts greatest passion―a mistake completely at odds with the cause of Charlotte Temples downfall. Controversy Obscurity Due to the novels tumultuous passion, the book received a mixture of responses. Eventually, those who were scandalized by the books inappropriateness won out, and Emily Brontes only novel was buried in literary obscurity. Decades later, when Wuthering Heights was revived by the interest of modern scholars, the unique literary devices used in the work began to earn more attention than its soap opera-like tale of obsession and loss. Although the second part of the novel―the part that chiefly concerns Catherine and Heathcliffs respective children―is frequently overlooked in retellings and screen adaptations, many contemporary critics believe it holds the key to Emily Bronte’s real literary genius. The first generation of children―Catherine, her brother Hindley, and the gypsy child Heathcliff―had led miserable lives, and both Catherine and Hindley died young as payment for their misguided passions. As a result of Heathcliffs scheming prior to Hindleys death, he has inherited the Earnshaw home, as well as the care of Hindleys son, Hareton. After the death of Heathcliffs estranged wife―Catherine’s husband’s sister, his own son, Linton, comes to live with him as well, setting in motion his final push for revenge. Generations The highlight of the second part of the book is when Heathcliff effectively kidnaps Catherines daughter, who is called Cathy. With the three children now all under one roof, the latter half of the book parallels the beginning, when Catherine, Hindley, and Heathcliff were all children together in the same house. However, whether by a twist of fate or Heathcliffs mistreatment of the boy, Haretons demeanor and place in the household resembles Heathcliffs childhood persona more than that of his own father, while Linton is so weak and sickly that he is the perfect opposite of Heathcliff.Despite the clear similarities to the old rivalries, though, the children begin to converge, rather than to follow in the footsteps of their parents. Maddened by a desire for revenge, Heathcliff attempts to play them against one another, forcing Cathy to marry Linton so that he may inherit the neighboring property that belongs to his rival, Catherines widower. Linton dies soon after. After Heathcliffs own death, the tale comes full circle: the estates return to their rightful heirs, Hareton and the younger Cathy fall in love, and Heathcliff’s legacy of revenge disappears almost without a trace. Complex Storytelling Despite its early reception, the combination of unbridled passion and a complex storytelling form makes Wuthering Heights a favorite in many modern literary circles. The darkness of the story and the lack of accompanying moral teachings shocked many of its contemporaries, while the intricacies of the cyclical plot―the destruction and ultimate reunification of the families―were overlooked until recent decades. A novel that combines masterful literary devices with all of the scandals of a soap opera, Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights was a drama far ahead of its time.

The Defeat Of Napoleon In Russia Essays - Military, Napoleonic Wars

The Defeat Of Napoleon In Russia Essays - Military, Napoleonic Wars The Defeat of Napoleon in Russia The Campaign of 1812 should have been a another crusade for Napoleon, but he now faced 2 new policies that he had never faced before, the severe Russian winter and the notorious scorched-earth policy. On June 23, 1812 Napoleon's Grande Armee, over 500,000 men strong, poured over the Russian border. An equal amount of Russian forces awaited them. The result of the campaign was a surprise. Two authors, General carl von Clausewitz and Brett James, show similarities in reasons why Napoleon had lost this campaign to Russia. Napoleon believed that after a few quick victorious battles, he could convince Alexander to return to the Continental System. He also decided that if he occupied Moscow, the Russian government would crumple and ask for peace. " A single blow delivered at the heart of the Russian Empire, at Moscow the Great, at Moscow the Holy, will ineztly put this whole blind, apathetic mass at my mercy." pg 6, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia. This was his belief he expressed in March 1812. However, when Napoleon eventually took over Moscow, the Tsar still did not surrender. Napoleon, sent a message to the Tsar, demanding a immediate surrender. However, the Tsar could not surrender because if he did, he would be assassinated by the nobles. Clausewitz replies by saying, " Napoleon was unable to grasp the fact that Alexander would not, could not negotiate. The Tsar knew well that he would be disposed and assassinated if he tried so." pg 256, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia. General Clausewitz said, "Napoleon believed if he defeated the Russian Army and occupied Moscow, the Russian leadership will fall apart and the government would call for peace." pg 253, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also agreed that Napoleon's occupation had no result. " The occupation of Napoleon in Moscow did not have a effect on the government." pg 13, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia With his battle plan set, Napoleon prepared his troops for the attack on Russia. But, Napoleon did not consider the fierce Russian winter which awaited him. According to Ludwig Wilhelm Gottlob Schlosser, a onlooker, he described the army by saying, "The French, down to the lowliest drummer were very fastidious. These poor French devils were not satisfied with less than soup, meat and vegetables, roast, and salad for their midday meal, and there was no sign of their famous frugality. They were completely devoid of the coming winter." pg 13, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia Napoleon was even warned by General Rapp about the extremities of the oncoming winter in Russia. "The natives say we shall have a severe winter," Napoleon retorted scornfully, " Bah! You and your natives! We shall see how fine it is." pg 147, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia Napoleon should have heeded Rapp's words. As the Grand Armee marched toward Moscow, many horses and men were lost in the freezing snow, and for those who remained, their morale and effectiveness was at the nadir. General Clausewitz states his point by saying, " With more precaution and better regulations as to subsistence, with more careful consideration of his marches, which would have prevented the unnecessary and enormous accumulation of masses on one and the same road, he would have preserved his army in a more effective condition." pg 255, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also shared the same opinion, " Napoleon appeared to have made no effort to discover the facts in Russia, or prepare his troops for it." pg 140, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia. As Napoleon and his army was making their way to Moscow, they encountered typhus, colds, and dysentery. Even the mighty Napoleon had caught a mild case of the flu. However, his soldiers had received the brunt of the attack. Captain Thomas- Joesph Aubry relives this ordeal, " After this the typhus made appalling inroads in our ranks. We were fourty-three officers in our ward. All of them died, one after the other, and delirious from this dreadful disease, most of them singing, some in Latin, others in German, others again in Italian - and singing psalms, canticles, or the mass." pg 210,

About an American History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

About an American History - Assignment Example the course of war and from isolationism to intervention, US role remained strategic in nature which finally decided the fate of the War at the broader scale. The pre-war era in US was that of the great depression and the economic chaos with FDR working towards turning the tide of economy of the country. However, the global developments at that time attracted the attention of US and the changes in the overall political ideology in countries like Germany, Italy and Japan made a compelling case for US to actually seriously reconsider its role in global politics. (Tindall and Shi) The emergence of Hitler as a global force and the changing political balance in favor of totalitarianism as well as racism and fascist tendencies along with a completely new threat in the shape of Communist Russia forced US to reconsider its role in the war and enter into it to tilt the balance towards allies. It is therefore critical to understand that US role in the Second World War gradually evolved over the period of time. The fall of France and the emerging Britain position after the fall of Paris actually created global crisis which forced US to actually play a decisive role in the war and play its part to further bolster the allies in their war against Hitler and other fascist and communist ideologies of that time. (Zinn) However, one of the key reasons as to why US entered into the war was the attacks of Hitler on Jews. With US having significant Jews population, was affected by the way different regimes were actually involved in the overall exploitation and killing of Jews. However, once US entered into the War, its role flourished and it ended up attacking the Japan also to avenge the attacks on the Pearl Harbor and become the deciding factor in the overall World War II drama. It has remained US policy to act as a neutral force in first as well as the Second World War however, as the overall political dimensions of war changed; US reconsidered its role in both wars and became

Research report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report - Research Paper Example In this article therefore, Chen and Chien-Yu conduct a research among students to prove whether students appreciate and consider this test relevant or not. For the study process, the authors used 92 students as the subjects. These were enrolled in a technical college and were part of a remedial class for English proficiency test in their college. These students comprised 75 male and 17 females. Among these participants, 30% studied Applied English, 22% studied Applied Japanese, 25% majored in International Trade, and the remaining 14% majored in Business Management. Therefore, more than a half of the students in this study specialized in applied language. The type of research method adopted by the authors is quantitative. Therefore, through this study, the authors were able to establish the different attitudes of students toward the TOEIC English proficiency test (Chen and Chien-Yu 1-2). After the study, results showed that more than half of the researched students appreciated the TO EIC English proficiency test. Specifically, of those students studied, 63% agreed that they considered the TOEIC guidebook as an important resource in the learning of English grammar. With regard to vocabulary, more than 67% agreed that this guidebook was a great source of reference for English vocabulary. On the other hand, 75% of these college students considered the TOEIC guidebook as essential for reading in English. Nonetheless, close to 60% of them anticipated using the TOEIC guidebook in their English lessons during their freshman year. In addition, 76% of the students agreed that this guidebook has increased their level of interest in learning English (Chen and Chien-Yu 2-3). Overall, the study results point out that the TOEIC test is highly appreciated among students, as a way of testing proficiency. I feel this is true. First, language proficiency tests are important in order to determine a person’s proficiency in a language. Therefore, this is an important language instrument to be used in schools and companies. For example, in international companies, new employees from different countries must be proficient in the English language, because this is an international language for standard communication. Communication is core to companies; therefore, the TOEIC English proficiency test is important for establishing if an individual qualifies to work for the international company, based on their English language proficiency. Additionally, students from different countries wishing to study in the USA or other international countries, which use English language, must be tested for their proficiency in the language using this test, for effective learning process. Chen and Chien-Yu (4) note that, â€Å"an assessment can assist learning if it provides feedback and it becomes a formative assessment which can bring teaching to meet learning needs.† Therefore, to this end, I recommend that high schools in all countries should prepare their student s for TOEIC tests, since after high school; many students are exposed to this test, and many others. Works Cited Chen, Han-Kwang, and Chien-Yu Chiu. "Utilizing Proficiency Test as an English Language Learning Instrument." The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning 7.1 (2011): 1-5. ProQuest. Web. 11 Apr. 2013. Part 2: Food Inc Food Inc. is a documentary that was filmed in 2008. This documentary addresses important issues relating to food and the corporations today. The system of food production

Female Circumcision Essay Example for Free

Female Circumcision Essay Many women in different parts of the world have faced circumcision, commonly known as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). Africa is a continent that has extensively reported cases of FGM, and other parts of the world that practices some indigenous culture, especially the Muslim dominated Middle East countries. The age at which a woman undergoes FGM varies from one region to another, such that a child after being born could be subjected to FGM , while in other areas, a woman who gets her first born is made to undergo the practice. The communities that practice this custom hold high regards for the practice as it demonstrates transition period to womanhood. Therefore, this practice is made to ensure that a circumcised girl is taught the practices that would lead her to being a good wife and mother (IRIN, 2009a). One commonality among the different members of the community who practice FGM is that the major aim is to make a woman remain a virgin until her marriage time, since the removal of her genitalia reduces her sexual desires. In most of the communities carrying out this practice, men prefer to marry circumcised women, meaning the parents have to make their daughters marriageable by circumcising them. Therefore, it can be argued that it is the men who make this practice to prosper. On the other hand, it is the role of the elder women, (mothers and grandmothers) to organize for the circumcision of the young girl, and in some areas, midwives undertakes this role (IRIN, 2009a). This research paper will thus look at how FGM has been practiced in Kenya and the fight against the practice among some communities that hold high regards for the practice. FGM in Kenya Despite laws being put in place to fight FGM, especially the Child’s protection Act of 2001, this practice is still very common and continues to be practiced in various parts of Kenya (IRIN, 2009b). Even though there are many organizations in the country to educate the communities on the dangers of the practice, still the practice has not been stopped and to some extends being practiced underground. However, there have been increased campaigns by various bodies together with the law enforcement agents to see that the practice comes to an end. Kenyan women are circumcised as a rite to passage into womanhood. Many girls in Kenya who come from the communities that practice FGM do not continue with their education. This is because the moment a girl undergoes this practice, she is deemed to be fit and ready to get married. It is because of this that there are several communities that have as young as between twelve and fourteen years getting married to very old men so long as the men are able to pay bride price. It has turned out that men are using their daughters to get wealth through bride price paid; hence a girl circumcised is worth more price than uncircumcised girl. Because of this attachment, some girls are found to voluntarily undertake the practice since it is presumed to increase a woman’s respect (IRIN, 2009b). Maasai is one of the indigenous communities in Kenya that have strongly held to the FGM practice. There are many people from the community (both men and women) who are highly educated, but are afraid to talk openly against the vice in the community because of the fear of social repercussion, especially for leaders who want to get elective posts like in politics. Community members believe that one cannot be a true Maasai if they are not circumcised. Among the Maasai, FGM is considered to bring honor to the circumcised and her family. This is because such a girl is eligible for marriage, which raises her status and the family in general. There have been increased criticism from the international community against the Maasai practice, but the community hangs on the practice, despite the government of Kenya criminalizing FGM. The Maasai community does not hold any regards for uncircumcised woman in the society no matter her level of education or even the post she holds in the society. It is even amazing to find that some male candidates in Kenyan politics use the issue of FGM against women who are not circumcised claiming they are not fit to be in public offices. Such issues make fighting FGM to be a very difficult task (IRIN, 2009b). Even though there are many hardliners who have stood in the way of fighting FGM, the efforts of those fighting the practice has started to bear fruits in Kenya, and especially among the Maasai communities. There are some aspects that are associated with FGM that the community has slowly been changing. For instance, the practice involved the use of one knife for circumcising various girls. But because of the teachings concerning HIV/Aids, the circumcisers have been convinced that it is dangerous to be using a single knife for several people, and have thus started using a single knife for each girl. There are only a few circumcisers who still use one knife for different girls, according to a survey done by Maendeleo Ya Wanawake (MYWO), a women organization that has been at the forefront campaigning against FGM in Kenya. Although this change appears, slight, it is a show in the right direction that the Maasai community can be convinced to change unnecessary and harmful cultural practices to the better course of the society at large (IRIN, 2009b). There are various measures that have been put in place by the organizations fighting the FGM practice in Kenya to see that this practice comes to an end. One mode has been the introduction of the alternative rites of passage. In this practice, all the activities, teachings and practices that the girls are undertaken during the circumcision period are taught to the girls who are of age to be circumcised, but excluding the practice of cutting their genitalia. MYWO has held these alternative rites passage practice yearly among different communities in Kenya. In these activities, girls are taught traditional methods of becoming a good woman, while other formal education programs are again incorporated into the teachings. There are many communities that have adopted this system of alternative rites of passage, but among the Maasai communities, it has been received with a lot of mixed reactions, thus only causing limited success. The concern and the major reason for the Maasai and other communities to practice FGM is basically to reduce sexual urge among the girls, so that they can remain pure until their marriage time , and once married, be faithful to their husbands. This concern does not seem to be raised in the case of using alternative rites of passage (IRIN, 2009b). Religious leaders have also of late been at the forefront in the fight against FGM practice. Muslim dominated region of North Eastern Kenya has been also known to have high percentage of female circumcision. However, of late, the Muslim religious leaders have taken up the initiative to teach their followers of the importance of doing away with FGM practices. The religious leaders campaigns mostly on Fridays when they offer the religious teachings. The leaders have played a major role in informing the women that FGM is not an Islamic requirement, hence has to be abandoned. The council of Imams and other Muslim religious leaders has chosen to be undertaking their campaigns on Fridays because it is the time many Muslims gather together as community for their prayers. This is also considered a cheap approach of reaching many people, than having to undertake expensive workshops in hotels (IRIN, 2007). Like the Maasai, the campaigns in the North Eastern Kenya have received mixed reactions among the community members. There are those who feel that the practice should be stopped, while others feel that the practice is aimed at protecting the girls, hence it has to be preserved at all costs. Many girls in the North Eastern region of Kenya lead miserable lives since they are forced to get married immediately they are circumcised, and they do also have poor lives to lead in their marriage, since they face problems like divorce, for not satisfying their husbands sexually and birth related problems associated with FGM practice (IRIN, 2007). Conclusion Kenyan government made FGM an illegal offence when it passed the child’s protection Act of 2001, but due lack of enforcement of the law by prosecuting the those who carry out the practice, FGM has continued among different communities like the Maasai who hold a lot of regards to their rituals, hence living according to the traditional rules and refuse to embrace modernization. Nevertheless, with the increased activities of the outside world within the communities practicing FGM, their influence is slowly changing the perspective of the community especially among the younger educated generation who do not want their daughters to undergo the practice like themselves or their wives. Therefore, this practice is bound to come to an end, but it will take time to change the minds of the indigenous people. Reference: IRIN (2007). KENYA: Religious leaders join anti-FGM fight, retrieved on 25th February 2009 from, http://www. globalexchange. org/countries/africa/kenya/4648. html. IRIN (2009a). In-Depth: Razors Edge The Controversy of Female Genital Mutilation. AFRICA: When culture harms the girls the globalisation of female genital mutilation, retrieved on 25th February 2009 from http://www. irinnews. org/IndepthMain. aspx? IndepthId=15ReportId=62462. IRIN (2009b). In-Depth: Razors Edge The Controversy of Female Genital Mutilation. KENYA: FGM among the Maasai community of Kenya, retrieved on 25th February 2009 from http://www. irinnews. org/InDepthMain. aspx? InDepthId=15ReportId=62470Country=Yes.

Ancient Philosophy :: essays research papers fc

As Aristotle viewed the world around him, he observed that things are moving and changing in certain ways. Aristotle discovered that certain things cause other things, which in turn cause something else. Aristotle believed that an infinite chain of causation was not possible, thus, a prime mover of some kind must exist as the first cause of everything that changes or moves. The first evidence that Aristotle viewed was the world around him. He observed that everything is in motion, and that one motion causes another motion and so on. Much like billiard balls on a pool table. One ball hits another ball, that ball moves, hits a third ball, and the third ball moves. Like A causes B to move causes C to move etc. After careful observation, Aristotle noticed that everything is in motion, even the planets, and thus, there was a chain of causation. Aristotle believed that something can not come from nothing, that is, a thing can not pop in and out of existence, thus, there must either be an infinite chain of causation or a first cause/prime mover. Aristotle dismissed the possibility of infinite causation and instead attempted to prove that there is a prime mover or first cause. Aristotle also believed the universe was situated in a certain way. Aristotle believed that the heavens began just above the bottom of the moon and the everything above the lower portion of the moon wa s the heavens. In the heavens, Aristotle observed that everything was in a cyclical motion, and that the planets moved about each other in circles. If the planets moved about in circular motion then there must have been a cause to bring about their motion, thus, there must also be either an infinite chain of causation for heavenly bodies or a prime mover/first cause of the heavenly bodies. For Aristotle ‘local motion is the primary type of motion and the primary type of motion is circular motion' For Aristotle this means that everything is moving, and the best form of movement is movement in a circular motion because a circle is the perfect form of movement. It has no beginning and no end, it is continuous and everlasting. Aristotle saw this motion in everything, even the human existence is that of a cycle. We are born, reproduce and die, in a continuous existence just as the heavenly bodies begin at one point and move around until they are at the beginning point again.

The Supply And Demand Of UK Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

The energy beginnings can be split into three classs: dodo fuels, renewable beginnings, and atomic power. To develop a better understanding about each beginning it is indispensable to discourse all of them individually. 1.1.1. Fossil fuels. They are called â€Å" fossil fuels † because they have been formed from the organic remains of prehistoric workss and animate beings. Although there are many different types of dodo fuels, three are particularly of import: coal, crude oil ( oil ) , and natural gas. The theory behind fossil fuels is rather simple – combustion of coal, natural gas, and oil releases energy stored in the fuel as heat. The released energy is so used to bring forth electricity. Coal is presently the cheapest fuel in footings of production. Harmonizing to The Coal Authority, there are 15 active belowground coal mines and 36 active surface excavation sites in the UK, doing it a sum of 51. Together they produce 16.7 million tones of coal end product ( twelvemonth 2009/2010, The Coal Authority, see Appendix 1 ) . Equally good as being the cheapest option of fuel it is besides the most polluting. â€Å" Coal is an highly soiled beginning of power, and imposes immense costs on people ‘s wellness, the environment and the economic system, † said Keith Allott, caput of WWF-UK ‘s clime alteration programme ( www.sciencedaily.com ) . First, acquiring coal from its beginning ( the Earth ‘s crust ) is harmful and fouling to the landscape. Second, coal ‘s combustion releases a toxicant cocktail of gases into the environment. Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and little airborne atoms of coal venture into the air and H2O supply ( www.associatedcontent.com ) . The UK is the largest manufacturer oil and natural gas in the EU. However, after old ages of being a net exporter of both fuels, the state became a net importer O natural gas in 2004. The Government estimations besides predict that the state will go a net importer of oil in the close hereafter. Production from the UK oil and natural gas Fieldss peaked in late 1990s and has declined steadily over the past several old ages due to an addition in demand for energy besides because find of new militias has non kept gait with the ripening of bing Fieldss ( www.doe.gov ) . Natural gas histories for over 40 % of electricity coevals in the UK while oil is to a great extent used by the industries and conveyance sector. At this minute, United Kingdom is extremely dependent on fossil fuels. Figure 1: Fuel used for UK electricity coevals on an end product footing in 2007 Beginning: Digest of UK Energy Statistics ( DUKES ) 1.1.2. Renewable Energy Sources. Renewable energy is the energy obtained from beginnings that are basically unlimited. Renewable beginnings of energy include air current, solar, biomass, hydro and geothermic energy ( www.business.qld.gov.au ) . Renewable energy became highly popular when the effects of fossil fuels to the environment and part to climate alteration became apparent. Their popularity is invariably lifting, particularly in states concerned about the environment. Wind energy is the most popular type of renewable energy in the UK. It is generated when the air current rotates a turbine ‘s blades which drive a generator to bring forth electricity. Harmonizing to BWEA, there are 260 operational air current farms ( 12 of which are offshore ) in the UK bring forthing a sum of 4,491.15 MW of electricity. There besides are 23 onshore and 3 offshore wind farms under building. Consented undertakings are to construct another 189 onshore air current farms and 9 offshore air current farms ( www.bwea.com ) . Solar energy is a photovoltaic consequence which happens when exposure cells convert sunlight straight into electricity. This beginning of energy is non as popular in the UK as air current energy. However, it is rather common to utilize the Sun for heating the H2O pipes. Painting the thin pipes black and seting them in a ‘greenhouse ‘ type dielectric can heat the H2O supply and hence cut down the cost of utilizing electricity to heat it. Photovoltaic cells can besides be used as roof tiles. They cover the roof of the edifice and take advantage of the Sun light coming from the Sun. This is trapped by the cell and turned into electricity ( www.bbc.co.uk ) . Biomass is biological stuff derived from life, or late populating beings. In the context of biomass for energy this is frequently used to intend works based stuff, but biomass can every bit use to both animate being and vegetable derived stuff. Five basic classs of the stuff are: virgin wood, energy corps, agricultural residues, nutrient waste and industrial waste and co-products ( www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk ) . Biomass can be used on a domestic or industrial scale.A For a biomass power works, the chipped, shredded and dried fuel is fed into a boiler or gasifier, from where the gas is collected and used to bring forth electricity and heat.A Biomass can besides be used at a more basic degree to bring forth heat for the place – this is done most expeditiously utilizing a wood combustion range which can besides be an attractive characteristic in any home.A It is possible with larger ranges to utilize a back boiler to supply all of the H2O warming and cardinal warming for a ho use.A Alternatively, a biomass boiler can be used for the same intent ( www.sundancerenewables.org.uk ) . There are many illustrations of energy crop/wood waste heating systems in Britain: In Ely, Cambridgeshire, a 31MW straw combustion works, the biggest and most effectual works in the universe, was commissioned late. A 350kW wood-burning boiler was installed at Weobley School in 1997.A Using locally adult wood, it heats the school itself every bit good as the secondary school on the bordering site. The National Botanic Garden of Wales and Singleton Park Botanic Gardens in Swansea are heated utilizing energy crops/wood waste. An increasing figure of farms are utilizing straw-fires boilers for on site warming demands in edifices and polytunnels. The Centre for Alternative Technology in Machynlleth, North Wales, are presently set abouting a undertaking to construct a Welsh Institute for Sustainable Education, which will include an advanced biomass combined heat and power micro turbine system linked to the territory warming system and grid. ( .sundancerenewables.org.uk ) Hydro energy or hydroelectric energy is generated by utilizing electricity generators to pull out energy from traveling H2O ( natural or manmade ) . Hydroelectric energy can be used in two ways: first manner is by constructing big reservoirs and dikes ( barriers build across a waterway ) to pin down H2O and command its flow ; 2nd manner is by leting H2O to run machinery as it flows from a high reservoir to a low one ( www.eon-uk.com ) . Some facts about hydroelectric power in the United kingdom: There are seven 50MW hydroelectric power strategies in the UK These workss need to be build near big lakes, reservoirs that are high above sea degree or where a batch of H2O can be dammed Hydro energy supplies 1.2 % of the UK ‘s electricity ( www.eon-uk.com ) Geothermal energy is the heat contained and produced by the warming of the Earth in two different ways. The more powerful geothermic energy comes from the nucleus of the Earth, where the temperature reaches 4000 grades Celsius. The 2nd beginning of geothermic energy is a consequence of the Sun rays crushing down on the land surface. A good and proved method to pull out geothermic energy from the Sun is through utilizing geothermic heat pumps. It is a really sufficient and environmentally friendly manner of heating the H2O ( www.clean-energy-ideas.com ) . 1.2. Energy Demand and Supply The appetency for energy is turning every twenty-four hours. UK, being the largest manufacturer of oil and natural gas in the EU, is still constrained to import fossil fuels in order to fulfill all energy demands. Harmonizing to a survey by the adviser Logica CMG, in merely eight old ages, demand for energy could surpass supply by 23 % at peak times ( information as of 2007, www.timesonline.co.uk ) . The loss to the economic system could be around ?108 billion each twelvemonth. The graduated table of the challenge is immense. By 2015, Britain ‘s bring forthing capacity could be cut by a 3rd as ageing coal and atomic power Stationss are closed. Britain is besides traveling from being self-sufficing in oil and gas as North Sea production started to worsen. In 2005, the UK became a net importer of gas. By 2020 imports could account for 80 % to 90 % of British gas demands ( www.business.timesonline.co.uk ) . Harmonizing to the White Paper, the UK faces two chief security of supply challenges: Increasing trust on imports of oil and gas in the universe where demand is lifting and energy is going more politicised Requirement of significant private sector investing over the coming two decennaries in gas substructure, power Stationss and electricity webs ( White Paper, www.berr.gov.uk ) Despite a batch of unfavorable judgment, UK which presently generates 20 % of electricity from atomic power Stationss will go on to utilize atomic power ( except the old atomic workss that are traveling to be closed down ) as the hazard of non run intoing the energy demand is even greater. 1.3. The Production and Import of Energy While the UK has benefited from autochthonal militias of oil and gas for many old ages, as the North Sea matures, the state will go progressively dependant on imported energy. By 2010, gas imports could be run intoing up to a 3rd or more of the UK ‘s entire one-year gas demand, potentially lifting to about 80 % by 2020 on the footing of bing policies. The UK is besides already a net importer of oil, and by 2020 imports could be run intoing up to around 75 % of the UK ‘s coal demand. Therefore UK has to do certain that the market for fossil fuels, supported by appropriate Government policies, continues to guarantee dependable supplies of these fuels at competitory monetary values to people and concerns. The starting point for turn toing these hazards must be to cut down state ‘s overall energy usage through greater energy efficiency. Beyond that the Government must besides back up the development and deployment of non dodo fuel energy within the UK to cut down the dependance on fossil fuels and to diversify the scope of energy beginnings available to the UK ( White Paper, www.berr.gov.uk ) Chapter 2: Hazards involved with Fossil Fuels There are a figure of hazards involved with fossil fuels. First of wholly, there is a fact that the fossil fuels are consuming in a rapid rate and are harder to recover. With demand for energy turning fast, there is a possibility that non merely the United Kingdom but the whole Universe might be confronting an energy crisis in the close hereafter. Energy monetary value volatility will ( and already has ) become inevitable. The 2nd job with fossil fuels is the injury they cause for the environment. The negative effects are already demoing as the clime is altering and the Earth is warming up. Another job lies in the development of the economic system. The state needs rough oil for bring forthing the electricity and for conveyance. When the monetary value of oil goes up, so make the monetary values of conveyance, family goods, and all basic merchandises. 2.1. Oil Price Volatility Oil monetary values have ne'er been stable since 19 1970ss. Due to some important historic, fiscal, and political events, the monetary value of petroleum oil has seen some crisp fluctuation over the old ages. The most eventful fact about it is that when the monetary value of oil goes up so make the monetary values of energy and even primary trade goods. With oil militias worsening in the North Sea, UK is forced to import oil from Figure 2: Crude Oil Prices, 1947-2009 Beginning: www.wtrg.com 2.2. Militias of Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels take 1000000s of old ages to organize. They form by a natural geological procedure from beings that died 100s of 1000000s of old ages ago. Today ‘s modern and industrialized society is hurting for energy, and most of the energy is still obtained from fossil fuels. It is hence obvious that if the ingestion continues at this or even higher rate, there is a hazard of fossil fuels being exhausted ( www.typesofenergy.co.uk ) . However, there is a dissension between scientists over the militias of fossil fuels. For illustration, Bjorn Lomborg in The Sceptical Environmentalist insists that â€Å" we are non headed for a major energy crisis † . Furthermore, he claims that â€Å" there is plentifulness of energy † ( MacKay, D. , 2009 ) . David Goodstein, a physicist, on the other manus, says that the energy crisis is coming shortly. In fact, every bit shortly as 2015 or 2025. He predicts that the crisis will get down when the energy supply will non be able to run into the demand ( MacKay, D. , 2009 ) . UK Government ‘s former main scientist, Sir David King agrees with D. Goodstein. In the article published by The Telegraph really late he claims that oil militias are ‘exaggerated by one tierce ‘ which means they are really much lower than we know. Besides a squad of scientists and research workers from Oxford University assert that official figures are overstated because OPEC states over-reported militias in the 1980s in order to derive a competitory advantage for a planetary market portion ( www.telegraph.co.uk ) . United Kingdom is non an exclusion. The production of coal has decreased significantly since around 1950s. Table 3: The Production of Coal, 1700-2025 ( predicted ) Beginning: www.claverton-energy.com Harmonizing to Dr Fred Starr of Claverton Energy Research Group, â€Å" UK coal militias are now given as someplace between 400-800 million of metric tons. Not the one million millions that everyone supposes. If the UK energy system was wholly dependent on coal, as it used to be, these stocks would last 2-4 old ages. † ( www.claverton-energy.com ) . Furthermore, UK ‘s oil militias in the North Sea are besides diminishing. Since the 1970s it has been a beginning of wealth for the British economic system. It besides meant that the state could cut its dependance on the Middle East oil. Despite the fact the country is one of the most ambitious for oil geographic expedition ( terrible air current blasts and 30 metres high moving ridges ) the North Sea has been a cardinal beginning of non-OPEC oil production over the last 20 old ages ( www.iags.org ) . While oil demand is said to increase in approaching old ages, North Sea end product peaked in 1999 and has been in diminution of all time since. However, oil manufacturers believe it is still possible to pull out 37bn barrels of oil from the North Sea. The job now is a worsening investing. With current investing merely some 11bn barrels could be extracted form the UK Continental shelf. Malcolm Webb, main executive of UK Oil & A ; Gas, said to The Telegraph in July 2009 that â€Å" last twelvemonth, we had the recognition crunch, following twelvemonth we are looking at an energy crunch † ( www.telegraph.co.uk ) . Talking about UK gas militias, the state of affairs is comparatively better compared to oil and coal. The militias are rather high with the potency for growing ( delight see Appendix 2 ) . Table 4: UK Gas Reserves, 1979-2008 Beginning: www.og.decc.gov.uk However, there is one unresolved issue refering gas – its storage. Colder than normal winter last twelvemonth caused record backdowns of natural gas from UK storage and resulted in increased demand replenishing storage installations in spring and summer. Therefore, UK marketable gas supplies so a lessening of 17 % on an one-year footing. Furthermore, diminution rate and colder conditions have contributed to a noticeable growing in UK LNG ( Liquefied Natural Gas ) imports and a diminution in natural gas supplies sent from the UK to Continental Europe. This form is expected to go on ( hypertext transfer protocol: //europe.theoildrum.com ) . 2.3. Environment and Climate Change Climate alteration is blamed on several human activities, but the biggest subscriber to climate alteration is the sum of nursery gases ( C dioxide emanations ) released into atmosphere. Most of these gases come from firing fossil fuels. How does climate alter impact the UK? In future, rainfall could significantly diminish in the summer ( peculiarly in the south E ) and significantly increase in the winter ( peculiarly in the north West ) . Heavier winter rainfall can to go more frequent, doing more flooding. The low-lying rise across the UK is projected to be between 20cm and 80cm by 2100. In the worst instance scenario, rises of up to 1.9 metres are possible. The summer heat moving ridge experienced in 2003 resulted in over 2,000 excess deceases in the UK. Such an event is likely to go normal by the 2040s or the 2050s. By the 2060s or 2070s, the intense temperatures of 2003 could go the mean temperature in summer. ( World Wide Web. actonco2.direct.gov.uk ) On history of the above mentioned facts it is perfectly clear that there is an pressing demand to happen other ways of fulfilling the turning energy demands of the United Kingdom. Even if it is non possible to retreat fossil fuels as a beginning of energy wholly there are other options of securing energy, e.g. Solar, air current or hydro power. Talking about nursery gases, The UK is already doing a important advancement. As the tabular array below shows, the strength of toxicant gas emanations is diminishing bit by bit since 1991. Table 5: United kingdom Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity, 1991-2007 Beginning: Office of National Statistics Chapter 3: Energy Debate Everybody agrees that there are a few jobs in the universe of energy today. Get downing with clime alteration and coating with possible long-run deficits and energy security. Something has to be done, but what? Not merely UK Government but the from many states in the World are now get downing to acquire serious about funding research into alternate energy beginnings, puting up power Stationss fuelled by renewable energy beginnings and promoting the development of vehicles that run on alternate fuels. However, there are still some unfastened inquiries that are non answered or there is some dissension traveling on about them. 3.1. UK Government ‘s Position UK Government is taking things really earnestly. The state has really about doubled the mark of 12.5 % decrease of nursery gas emanations agreed in Kyoto Protocol[ 1 ]( www.decc.gov.uk ) . This Protocol was followed by Copenhagen Summit[ 2 ]in December 2009. Although it was n't every bit successful as Kyoto Protocol, UK engagement was a gesture of attention and concernment. UK Government has made few other stairss towards sustainability. One of so is the White Paper. First introduced in February 2003 ( â€Å" Energy White Paper: Our energy future – making a low C economic system † ) and subsequently rewritten in 2007 ( â€Å" Meeting the Energy Challenge, A White Paper on Energy † , May 2007, BERR ) . The purpose of this paper is to be after a scheme on how to salvage energy, develop cleaner energy supplies, and secure dependable energy supplies at monetary values set in competitory markets ( A White Paper on Energy, www.berr.gov.uk ) . The cardinal elements of the scheme are: Establish an international model to undertake clime alteration. The thought buttocks is to brace the concentration of nursery gasses in the ambiance. Besides to beef up EU Emissions Trading Scheme ( EU ETS ) in order to present a market monetary value for C and to be the footing for the planetary C market. This should guarantee the decrease of C emanations in the most cost-efficient manner. Provide lawfully adhering C marks for the whole UK economic system, increasingly cut downing emanations. The purpose is to cut down C dioxide emanations released into atmosphere by at least 60 % by 2050, and by 26 % -32 % by 2020 against a 1990 baseline. This has to be achieved through both domestic and international action. The Government besides has to put five-year C budgets, and topographic point adhering bounds on compound nursery gasses emanations. Make farther advancement in accomplishing to the full competitory and crystalline international markets. Effective markets will guarantee that the universe ‘s natural resources are used in the most efficient manner. Further liberalization of EU energy markets is an of import portion of this. Promote more energy salvaging through better information, inducements and ordinance. The Government is traveling to work on taking barriers that would impact cost-efficient energy efficiency steps to lift. Supply more support for low C engineerings. As private sector entirely might non be able to put sufficiently in research, development, presentation and deployment of new low C engineerings, the Government demands to convey forward a planetary investing. Ensure the right conditions for investing. The Government has to present a clear and stable regulative government, including for valuing C, to cut down uncertainness for concern and aid to guarantee sufficient, timely investing. It besides needs to better the planning system and to supply better information and analysis of long-run energy market tendencies to inform energy buying and investing determinations. ( A White Paper on Energy, www.berr.gov.uk ) The last point summarises Government ‘s function in encouraging concerns and industries to put in renewable energy best. It is a fact that without aid, information, inducements, and fiscal support little to medium sized concerns ( perchance even big concerns ) would likely non be able to put the necessitated sum of attempt and money needed to go more sustainable in footings of energy. 3.2. Nuclear Power? Harmonizing to Nuclear Industry Association, there are 23 atomic power reactors in the UK, bring forthing electricity at nine sites. The electricity supplied by atomic power Stationss histories for over one fifth of UK ‘s electricity. The industry contributes about ?3.3 billion to UK Gross Domestic Product. It exports over ?650 million goods and services each twelvemonth. The atomic industry is an of import portion of the UK ‘s scientific discipline and engineering base. A major positive thing about atomic power is that it does non lend to climate alteration as it does n't bring forth C dioxide emanations. But what about atomic waste? Nuclear waste is excessively unsafe to be exposed and can non be destroyed nor recycled. It has to be stored in particular containers and placed in secure sites. In the UK, around 120,000,000 M3 of atomic waste is generated per twelvemonth ( www.world-nuclear.org ) . Compared to fossil fuels, it is really small. But excluding in head that this waste has to be stored and corsets active for 1000s of old ages, it all of a sudden looks like a immense sum. Other concern is the safety of atomic power Stationss. Even though UK ‘s power Stationss are rated as of first-class security degree, the universe has seen some major catastrophes. For illustration, when on April 26, 1986 the No. 4 reactor at the Chernobyl power works exploded in former U.S.S.R. doing the worst atomic accident of all time. The World Health Organisation found that the radioactive dust from the detonation was improbably far-reaching. For a clip, radiation degrees in Scotland, over 1400 stat mis off, were 10,000 times the norm. The effects are felt to this twenty-four hours ; there is an increased figure of people enduring from malignant neoplastic disease in environing countries and a mutant of workss ( www.wagingpeace.org ) . A batch of scientists are doubting towards atomic power. The chief constituent of production of atomic power is uranium, which is a radioactive metallic component, of course happening in most stones, dirt, and even ocean. Therefore it is a fossil fuel. Physicist David Goodstein, after warning about forthcoming oil crisis says that if all energy demands were to be switched to atomic power, the oil crisis would merely be replaced by a atomic crisis in around 20 old ages clip, as uranium militias besides became low ( McKay, JC, 2009 ) . However, in November 2009, the Government has approved 10 sites in England and Wales for new atomic power Stationss. Most of them will be located where there are already workss ( www.bbc.co.uk ) . The Government is certain that without energy generated by atomic power workss it will non be able to vouch adequate supply for turning demand every bit good as will non be able to run into its ain marks of cutting down the C dioxide emissions how it is stated in A White Paper. But environmental candidates say it is an expensive and soiled option and the authorities could be unfastened to legal challenges. 3.3. Clean Coal? With coal being the most polluting type of fuel, it is hard to take in such thing as ‘clean coal ‘ . However, the new engineerings are being developed to turn out that combustion of coal can really be clean. Clean coal engineering is referred to carbon gaining control and storage ( segregation ) engineering ( CCS ) . This engineering is said to cut down emanations of C dioxide and other nursery gasses that are released while firing the coal. The engineering works by pumping and hive awaying emanations underground while incorporate gasification combined rhythm gasifies coal to cut down CO2 emanations. Possibly the most popular illustration of a coal-based works utilizing C gaining control engineering is Vattenfall ‘s Schwarze Pumpe works in Germany. However, it has non yet been demonstrated that C stored resistance will be able to remain at that place indefinitely ( www.wikipedia.org ) . In April 2009 UK Government gas given the go-ahead to new coal-burning power workss equipped with such new engineerings. But on status that it can turn out it can cut down nursery emanations ( www.bbc.co.uk ) . Even environmental candidates welcomed the move but said any new Stationss would still let go of more C than they stored. On the other manus, Energy Secretary Ed Miliband says these new engineerings altering the manner of bring forthing the power from coal would let the UK â€Å" to take the universe † in the engineering – and maintain coal within the UK ‘s energy mix without abandoning clime alteration committednesss. He added that successful CCS development could cut C emanations from coal by 90 % and that â€Å" there is no alternate to CCS if we are serious about contending clime alteration and retaining a diverse mix of energy beginnings for our economic system. † ( www.bbc.co.uk ) . However, some concerns were raised that one million millions of lbs of taxpayers ‘ money was being spent on engineering that remains unprovenaˆÂ ¦ The inquiry stays unfastened in the average clip. Is it truly deserving puting one million millions of lbs ( allow entirely they are revenue enhancement remunerators money ) in a engineering that has non been proven yet? Should n't the Government be more interested in puting in energy beginnings that are 100 % emanations free? This inquiry is yet to be answered in the close hereafter. 3.4. The Position of Society UK is the state that is truly interested in its part to cut downing C footmark and to procure energy supplies in the hereafter. So are a batch of the persons populating in the UK ; they get involved in environmental runs, recycle their waste, want the Government to move faster on exchanging to renewable energy, and show their concerns over clime alteration. However, sometimes enthusiasm is taken over by wholly opposite feelings. Let ‘s take air current farms as an illustration. They are so a 100 % environmentally friendly beginning of energy. Equally good as that, windmills are immense buildings that stand tall and broad to capture more air current and are really noticeable. When the first air current farm was build in Delabole in Cornwall, an independent ‘before and after ‘ survey indicated that 80 % of the local people asked said it made no difference to their day-to-day life, 44 % approved and 40 % approved strongly. In the ‘before ‘ survey, 40 % of local people interviewed thought it was traveling to be visually intrusive, but this fell to 29 % after it was set up and running. Many expected there would be some noise jobs beforehand but after it was running 80 % of people felt the noise was n't a job ( NATTA ) . Even though the ‘after ‘ survey showed improved Numberss, there were still people ( 29 % ) that felt the position of the landscape was someway destroyed by windmills. And some of the people ( 20 % ) found the noise was an issue. Furthermore, there are web sites like www.bhats.co.uk which agitate for ‘saving the small towns from industrial turbines ‘ and conservationists like James Lovelock, who says that â€Å" air current farms will lay waste to the countryside pointlessly † ( www.bhats.co.uk ) . At the same clip, UK is a perfect topographic point for air current farms. Scotland entirely gets more air current than all of the Europe. The state could profit by constructing more air current farms but it will non be able to make so if local occupants will be against. Chapter 4: Future Outlook of Energy in the UK The hereafter of energy in the UK is controversial. Critics say the state will be confronting an energy spread in the close hereafter while others insist that everything is and will be all right. But with demand for energy turning quickly and with marks set by the Government are to be met, there is a inquiry arising: how and what beginnings of energy will rule in the hereafter? 4.1. Prospects for Fossil Fuels â€Å" Fossil fuels will stay the dominant energy beginning – there is no alternate † John Loughhead, Executive Director of UK Energy Research Centre Harmonizing to the panel of 150 experts, despite enlargement of renewable energy and the demand of atomic power, fossil fuels will stay the pillar of energy supply in the UK up to the twelvemonth 2050. The panel draw a decision: Generating capacity deficit of 7-16GW by 2015 Equivalent to about 20 % of current capacity Without demand to keep emanations, spread could be bridged easy Fossil fuels will stay the dominant engineering Nuclear is proven and dependable, but edifice takes at least a decennary – determination needed shortly Renewables could provide 40 % of coevals by 2050 ( www.bbc.co.uk ) This decision is non really optimistic nor is acceptable to conservationists. Even the White Paper states that fossil fuels like oil and coal will go on to play a cardinal function in the energy system hereafter. The Government hence plans to maximize the economic recovery of the staying militias of oil and gas by hiking investing in the North Sea. It besides plans to set up new substructure to the West of Shetland to enable extra gas and oil to be exploited. However, fossil fuels are merely one side of the decoration. There is besides a theory for the hereafter of renewable energy. 4.2. Prospects for Renewable Energy Renewable energy is playing a cardinal function in cut downing C emanations and accomplishing security of supply in the hereafter. Furthermore, the mark set by the Government is to accomplish 20 % of electricity coevals from renewable energy by twelvemonth 2020. It is non traveling to go on without Governments ‘ intercession or investing. It really all depends on how much attempt is traveling to be put in doing it go on. In 2002, the Government introduced a mechanism called Renewables Obligation[ 3 ]( RO ) . RO has been successful in stimulating investing in renewable energy undertakings. It does this by puting an Duty on accredited electricity providers to beginning an increasing proportion of their electricity gross revenues from renewable beginnings or to pay a punishment ( the buy-out monetary value ) . The RO ‘s purpose is to supply a model of fiscal inducements to put in renewables with the long-run end of back uping the passage of renewables into the mainstream of the UK ‘s competitory electricity market. The degree of the Obligation is presently set to increase in one-year stairss from 7.9 % in 2007/08 to 15.4 % by 2015, and to stay at that degree until 2027 when the mechanism will stop ( White Paper, www.berr.go.uk ) . However, harmonizing to greenpeace.org.uk, the marks of RO so far have been missed. Energy consultancy Oxera estimated that the RO in its current signifier will present merely 8.1 % of supply from renewables by 2010, 11.4 % by 2015 and 11.5 % by 2020 ( as of 2007, www.greenpeace.org.uk ) . Is the Government making plenty to back up the growing of renewable energy beginnings? The reply to that is likely no. Everyone agrees that it is a cardinal beginning of energy in the hereafter yet still more is being invested in oil development of gas and oil from the North Sea or C gaining control and storage ( which has n't even been proven to be effectual yet ) . Therefore the chances for renewable energy in the UK are a small fuzz. It does necessitate some immense investings, but is n't energy future and security priceless? 4.3. Possible Solutions There are rather a few solutions how the Government, concerns and persons could lend to pull offing the energy supply before the deficit appears. Possibly every individual 1 has already been discussed in the past by different panels but still deserving looking into. Possible solution 1: velocity bounds on the roads could be lowered. Cars and other vehicles are known as being the worst defilers. Reducing the velocity bound non merely would better the safety issue on the roads, it would besides intend that less toxicant gasses are being released into atmosphere. Possible solution 2: people should take to drive more energy efficient autos. There is a difference between a Smart auto with an engine of 0.7 litre and a Porsche 911 with an engine of 3.0 litres. If people chose to drive small-engine autos it would be good to the environment and the roads but it would besides intend smaller gasoline measures for the driver. Possible solution 3: addition in route revenue enhancements for autos with engines larger than 1.4 litres. Sometimes the lone manner to promote people to make something is via statute law. Possible solution 4: introduce an inducements strategy for purchasing a fuel efficient auto. Possible solution 5: Promote the use of public conveyance more. Buss are frequently running empty while the roads are full of autos. If more people used public conveyance, there would n't be as many autos on the roads. Possible solution 6: physique more energy efficient places and fit the old 1s with new energy efficient merchandises, e.g. Windowss. Last winter being colder than normally has caused some serious issues refering gas militias in the UK. It would non be such a large job if more houses in the UK were less dependent on states militias. Possible solution 7: promote electrical vehicles. Not merely should the Government advance electrical vehicles but besides introduce some inducements for people purchasing them. These vehicles are five times more efficient compared to petrol powered 1s and bring forth 0 % of C emanations. Possible solution 8: invest more in renewable energy beginnings. It has to get down some twenty-four hours and there is non clip to detain it. Not merely to better the quality of air but besides to go more independent. It applies to all: the Government, concerns, and persons. The list of possible solutions could travel on. But even if three of the above mentioned would be taken and looked at earnestly and followed by matching actions, the state of affairs would better slightly. 4.4. Why Should Businesses Invest in Renewable Energy? Before sing the benefits involved with concern exchanging to renewable energy it would possibly be interesting to happen out where should one start when believing about such move. First of all, in order to take the most appropriate engineerings, the concern should place and see such factors as its current energy use, overall ingestion, and fluctuations in demand. It should besides place the countries where it would be possible to cut down energy use. It is of import to place what energy mix would suite the concern best are some engineerings that can merely bring forth either electricity or heat, while others can bring forth both ( www.businesslink.gov.uk ) . The benefits are important. The chief 1s would include: The decrease of part to climate alteration Improved environmental certificates strengthen the trade name. More and more clients, stakeholders and investors are demoing an involvement in covering with concerns that are environmentally responsible Exemption from paying the responsibility under the clime alteration levy[ 4 ] Constructing relationships with concerns that have similar values Stabilise energy costs. Renewable energy monetary values will remain stable whereas monetary values of fossil fuels are fluctuating Future proofing. Renewable energy usage will go more widespread with clip. With statute law already puting marks for its usage upon certain new developments, exchanging sooner instead than subsequently would give the concern early experience of renewable energy It is indispensable to advert, that there is a fiscal aid available for concerns which invest in renewable energy. A scope of grants, loans and even awards introduced by the Government are available to assist concerns, e.g. Applied Research Grant, Woodland Regeneration Grant, Business Commitment to the Environment ( BCE ) Environmental Leadership Award – SME Award, Green Business of the Year Award, Carbon Trust Interest-Free Loans, Energy Efficiency Loans, and many others ( www.businesslink.gov.uk ) . The above stated list of benefits is rather extended. However, two of them truly stand out. First one is that the money that company is traveling to be salvaging on energy measures in the hereafter. That is because every concern, foremost of all, is about doing a net income. Second one is non being dependent on dodo fuels which monetary values are fluctuating invariably and, moreover, fossil fuels are a major cause of clime alteration.